Moral Dilemmas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Moral Dilemmas - Essay Example In expressing about this issue, Russ Shafer-Landau contends that different good standards will in general be adequately freely to how an individual sees them. Kant’s moral hypothesis is somewhat extraordinary particularly how individuals see it. In characterizing moral quandaries, the Kant moral hypothesis is viewed as deontological whereby a person’s activities are ethically upstanding as far as excellencies of individual’s thought processes. For this situation, they should get from a specific obligation than tendency (Timmons 27). The assurance to act as per his/her obligation for the most part defeats the personal responsibility proof or the longing to do something else. In addition, Kant contends the part of virtues of an individual’s activities with the way that they just dwell in saying or formal guideline. Then again, it clarifies about the general responsibility of an individual to take part in a specific demonstration since it is his/her obligation to do as such (Timmons 35). This accordingly implies, obligation remains the need for an individual to carry on of retaliation for the law. Thorough use of c omparative techniques towards this thinking would bring about an equivalent achievement while managing moral way of thinking issues. This along these lines implies that the inevitable guideline of ethical quality should consistently be an ethical law that happens dynamically and has the capacity of directing a person towards a correct activity. In as much as the Kant’s hypothesis appears to be powerful and applies to genuine occasions, this hypothesis of morals is imperfect and incapability when utilized artistic (Timmons 32). By and large, the hypothesis neglects to mention to individuals what they ought to do particularly when their ethical obligations are clashing. Kant’s hypothesis of morals is totally broad particularly on a portion of the basic occurring regarding moral morals and predicaments. Nonetheless, the hypothesis isn't nitty gritty and viable enough to manage individuals on the best way to

Is Lakoff's analysis of the language and moral assumptions of liberals Essay

Is Lakoff's examination of the language and good suspicions of nonconformists and traditionalists right , dependent on what you find in this - Essay Example Boaz contends that the country might be liberal towards giving a segment of their salary however would not give the administration all out control of the cash to use as it sees fit. Accordingly, it is on the whole correct to help Lakoff’s examination of the language of nonconformists and preservationists on issues and belief system. â€Å"Moral Politics† by Lakoff goes out to show the language the legislators use in their various sides of thought towards the general population. In this book, Lakoff examinations the oblivious and expository perceptions of nonconformists and the preservationists. He declares that there is a radical yet a steady contrast between the dissidents and the conservative’s sources of profound quality. His principle plan is to detail a model that not just explains why the nonconformists and traditionalists take the positions they do yet to likewise join the assortments of liberal and moderate political stands in broad daylight eyes. He cont ends that the country is a family and nonconformists present an alternate model of the family see contrasted with the preservationists. The nonconformists present a sustaining guardian (NP) while the preservationists take the suspicion of an exacting dad model (SF). Together incorporate OK principals all things considered; they vary in the most significant needs making them radically clashing. With these ethics, Lakoff agues out his models to translate the ethical development inside the language of legislative issues and methodology. In the article â€Å"One Bad and Eight Good Reasons to Cut Taxes† Boaz utilizes the examples Lakoff investigations in his figurative models giving the contrary needs as far as tax reduction at the hour of Bush government. The people backing grand expenses were contradicted the suggestion to cut charges dependent on the less contrast it can make on the economy. This made them hang on the high charges the legislature is directing. In Boaz’s contentions, he states that the individuals who gain cash have it and giving the administration the sole control isn't astute. This is a liberal approval in that the relatives can settle on a choice on the family work instead of the exacting dad who will force severe requests in the family set up. Through the suggestion of cutting assessments Lakoff’s examination of a NP model giving the individuals a superior point to introduce their perspectives. Lakoff avows that individuals value the way that they are a piece of what is happening rather considering arrangements themselves. This is an aftereffect of the way that the general public doesn't have a clue what it truly accepts and wants to be educated regarding the considerations. Boaz article is a genuine case of a proposal that the legislature could consider. During the Bush organization, there was the severe dad model and that includes the choices he made without interview like the intrusion of Iraq. This gives the theory th at the dad is the sole chief thus rebuffing the kids who wrong. Projects given to the general population get examination and perspectives as things that residents get without gaining them. This causes the general population to accept that the administration is subject for their necessities making them improper. Shrubbery organization recommends the slice in assessments to have the individuals have more cash so as to decrease social projects however this doesn't really mean the stoppage of military exercises. Subsequently, general society is snared to Bush standards since they partner with the severe dad model. The liberal counter to this supposition that will be that the

Ozone Depletion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ozone Depletion - Assignment Example Closer to the ground, in the troposphere, ozone is viewed as a toxin with unsafe consequences for breathing and plants. Notwithstanding, the layer of â€Å"good† ozone lies in the stratosphere, between 20 to 40 kilometers from ground. It squares the vast majority of the unsafe bright beams that expansion the danger of skin malignant growth, lessen yields in specific harvests and furthermore stress marine life from arriving at the earth from sun (â€Å"Ozone - Good Up High Bad Nearby† 2009). The consumption of the ozone layer has been generally observable over the Antarctic district where a â€Å"hole† is regularly made each year in spring since late 1970s. This gap, really a huge region in the stratosphere with seriously drained ozone, developed to 26 million square kilometers in 1998 and its biggest size recorded was in 2006 when it contacted 29 million square kilometers (â€Å"Ozone opening most extreme is up on 2007† 2008). The stratosphere over the Antarctic is critical to keeping up the worldwide normal grouping of ozone layer. Ozone is inconsistent disseminated far and wide and is focused close to the posts (Is complete ozone uniform over the globe?). The progression of winds to and from shafts keeps the ozone available for use all inclusive. Exhaustion over the Antarctic, the zone of most elevated fixation, contributes impressively to the net impact of by and large ozone decrease in the environment. It is likewise here that the diminishing of this layer is generally sensational. In contrast to different spots, the synthetic concoctions, for example, CFCs, that crush ozone get caught over the Antarctic during the dim winter through a remarkable wonder, the â€Å"polar vortex†, and become some portion of mists that are one of a kind to this district. Extraordinary virus likewise makes ice precious stones in these mists. During spring and summer, as the temperature warms, the ice gems start resp onses that separate the CFCs into increasingly dynamic chlorine particles. These, thus, separate the ozone particles into oxygen (â€Å"Ozone Facts: What is the Ozone Hole?† 2009). As the ice

Essay On Why Is Community / Service Learning Such A Strong...

Why is community/service learning such a strong focus at CCA? We have found that connecting young adults to their community can be extremely beneficial. It not only prepares students for their futures, but it promotes active engagement in the community. Through extensive research, the United Health Group found that volunteering in ones community boosts confidence, promotes friendship, lowers stress levels, and creates an overall sense of achievement. As a parent/guardian how can I get more involved in service? At the beginning of each year we have a meet and greet night where all the parents are invited to meet one another as well as the community mentors that will be working with the students. Additionally, we host a parent Service†¦show more content†¦Therefore, we see it as beneficial to provide students with an opportunity to get out of the classroom and learn â€Å"in the real world.† Having mentors allows students to make connections with members of the community whom they can interact with and learn from. Children are naturally curious; therefore, as educators we feel it is our job to foster this curiosity. Additionally, pairing students with mentors provides the students with a positive role model to look up to. Lastly, by having mentors in the community, children feel a stronger tie to their community. Is CCA a diverse learning environment? Yes! CCA is a diverse learning environment. We recognize that every child is different and has unique needs. As a result, we try to cater to all types of learners. By using project based learning, we allow students to create projects that highlight their skills and talents. Additionally, CCA is dedicated to creating a welcoming, diverse learning environment. We have many clubs that are committed to promoting acceptance and inclusion. Is CCA a safe learning environment? Yes, CCA is committed to providing a safe environment for all students to learn in. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, an individual’s self-fulfillment needs, such as self-actualization, cannot be reached until basic needs, such as safety, are met. Therefore, we strive to provide our students with a safe environment that is

Essay about DNA, The New Crime Investigator - 1358 Words

DNA, The New Crime Investigator Abstract What is DNA? The scientific definition is â€Å"deoxyribonucleic acid, the biological polymer that stores the genetic information in all free living organisms. Two linear molecules entwine to form the double helix. Now that the definition has been stated, let’s now define what DNA means to a crime scene or case investigator. In the law enforcement business DNA has been introduce as a revolutionary and efficient accurate tool to solve and crack modern and cold cases. It also has played major roles in courtrooms through out the nation on either proven guilt, or revealing the truth behind the innocence on the wrongly accused and convicted by our own court system. DNA has also brought justice to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Exonerate persons wrongly accused of crimes †¢ Identify crime and catastrophe victims †¢ Establish paternity and other family relationships †¢ Identify endangered and protected species as an aid to wildlife officials †¢ Sexual assault or sex offender tracking †¢ Identify serial crimes. (3) The first case that used DNA analysis was in â€Å"1987 in the Florida v. Andrews case, involving a sexual assault. Police in Orlando, Florida, suspected that one man was involved in over twenty cases of breaking and entering, prowling and attempted sexual assault†. By the use of DNA analysis justice was able to bring this perpetrator to a conviction in a court of law for the sexual crimes that he committed. This case was the first of its kind in the U.S. to bring a suspect to a conviction only on DNA profiling. (4) Since about 1986 DNA testing has been used in approximately 50,000 criminal investigations in the U.S. alone. â€Å"DNA evidence is most often found in sexual assaults. About three-fourths of DNA evidence examined by the FBI and other labs consist of semen specimens. About a third of all FBI test exonerate wrongfully accused men. A quarter of the tests areShow MoreRelatedEssay on Criminal Investigations1096 Words   |  5 PagesCriminal Investigations are ways that crimes are looked at and criminals arrested (In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2011). It is a huge part of getting criminals off the street. Investigation is a crucial aspect for many different crimes such as, but not limited to, theft, robbery, burglary, arson, murder, and assault. Criminal Investigations can take days or up to many years to solve; some cases are never closed. Not only can investigations last for extended periods of time, the lives of those workingRead MoreCriminal Investigation769 Words   |  4 Pag esAlexander, Armond Criminal Investigations 12 November 2011 American Intercontinental University There are many laws that are put in place to help criminal investigators. The laws are put in place to give the criminal investigators a better chance on solving the crime, be effective and deterrence of future crimes. Aberjhani said, â€Å"Many may very well continue to ask why more value is placed on technicalities of a law than on a man’s flesh and blood life, especially when there is anyRead MoreA Visual Of The Mitochondrial Dna1484 Words   |  6 Pages Figure 2. A visual of the mitochondrial DNA molecule shows where the DNA gets analyzed by forensic geneticists, the hypervariable regions 1 and 2. Figure 3. The results of the TaqMan system containing the DNA numbers from various analyzed sampled. 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The entire investigation hangs on that one person being able to use techniques to support and investigate the evidence. When it comes to investigating crime, no matter the level of crime, nothing is more important to a criminal investigator than the use of forensic science. Types of forensic science investigations, evidence, and crime laboratory operations all play a roleRead MoreTechnology Makes A Difference?1242 Words   |  5 Pagespart of that. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a genetic code that makes every individual unique; because of this fact, DNA has become the most important and most accurate information found at a crime scene. Before Alec Jeffrey’s discovery of DNA profiling in the 80’s, investigators would use fingerprints, and many of the same techniques they use today (Bailey). However, back then it was harder to prosecute the â€Å"right† person simply because anyone’s fingerprints can be at a crime scene, or any accusationRead MoreImagine You Get A Knock On The Door. You Open It, Hesitant,1359 Words   |  6 Pagesarrested for murder; his DNA matched the sample taken from the crime scene. You helped solve a decade-old murder case and turned in your brother simultaneously. This is the result of familial searching. The formal definition of familial searching, according to the National District Attorney Association is: A technique whereby a crime scene profile is deliberately run through the offender databank in the hopes of getting a list of profiles that are genetically similar to the DNA evidence and usingRead MoreForensic Science Technician: I would like to be a Forensic Science Technician, simply because I1600 Words   |  7 Pagesthings they do are run ballistics tests on guns to find the one used in a bank robbery; collect evidence from a crime scene to help understand the chain of events; match DNA samples to reunite a long lost child to his/her family; and solve a crime by matching fingerprints at the crime scene to a suspect. One of the top reasons I would join this career is because I want to be able to solve a crime if someone needs help. The second top reason I would join this career is because I watched CSI all the timeRead MoreHow Catch A Criminal : Instruments And Techniques Used For Investigations1651 Words   |  7 PagesInstruments and Techniques used for Investigations Why are Criminal Investigation and Tools for them Important? We all know of those popular television shows like CSI, Criminal Minds and Law and Order and how they depict the life of Criminal Investigators. They are young, independent, living somewhere on Paradise Island and in their spare time, when not hanging on a beach with a Pina Colada, they get a call about a case needing to be solved immediately. Which they do, by themselves and everyoneRead MoreA Comparison of Private and Public Criminal Investigation Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesCriminal investigators are professionals in the law enforcement team who try to solve crimes, prevent the occurrence of future crimes, and searching and detaining suspects. The two categories of criminal investigators are private and public criminal investigators. The level of training that these professionals go through is different which leads us to the differences between public and private criminal investigations. Differences and Similarities One major difference between public and private

Assessment of the Quality of Earning Is Useful to Accounting and Is Ap Essay

Essays on Assessment of the Quality of Earning Is Useful to Accounting and Is Applicable in Controlling the Earnings of a Firm Essay The paper â€Å"Assessment of the Quality of Earning Is Useful to Accounting and Is Applicable in Controlling the Earnings of a Firm" is a   brilliant example of an essay on finance accounting. Quality of earning comes in at the point where an organization that applies conservative accounting realizes a relative change in the manner in which they invest in assets that are used in the investments. An organization may experience a change in earning due to various external or internal reasons. These reasons may involve the change in sales by an increase, or even a relative decrease in the production cost. This may result in high quality earning. However, when the contributors to the change of earnings are external factors, then this is termed to be a low quality of earning.â€Å"The term quality analysis includes the analysis of all financial statements† (Pinto et al 13). The main use of quality of earning includes meeting the analyst’s expectations. An organizationâ⠂¬â„¢s financial analysts require the use of this technique in order to realize their objective. This involves the process of prediction of trends in the financial performance of the firm and earnings from the organization. In most cases, the process of trying to meet the revenue expectation may be the preferred target for the management to realize the revenue recognition processes that may be fraudulent. The attempts of the analysts to find out the short term earning with reference to the achievements of the long term strategies may also embrace the quality of earnings.The other use of quality of earning measurement involves avoiding debt –agreement violations and reducing political cost. The aims of some organizations may include avoiding the violation of earning based debt agreement where the lender may decide to increase the interest rates and call for the repayment immediately.   Some firms may be seen to be too profitable thereby suffer political costs; this calls for the measuring of the quality of earning.In order to meet the bonus plan requirements, an organization may need to carry out quality earning measurements. The best way of managing earnings is in such a way that the executive’s earning the based bonus is maximized. This involves the management of the earnings so that it is maintained above the minimum at all times. Any extra bonus earnings are kept and preserved for the next period. In the process of changing management, a firm needs to carry out earning management too. As a result, the quality of earning takes part as an important factor in the management transition process.For accounting, just calculations alone can’t tell an organization or a firm’s net earnings. It requires analysis and subjective inputs by accountants in order to determine thus, the need for quality earning a determination. In so doing, there must be a consideration of the micro and the macro business environment from which the business oper ates (Powers et al 622). The accounting situation does not give the complete accuracy of this evaluation, and determining any manipulations in the financial statements; instead, an analysis of the quality of earnings becomes more confirmatory in accounting situations.From the above discussion, it is made clear that the assessment of the quality of earning is useful to accounting and is applicable in controlling the earnings of a firm.   Some of the uses include assisting the analyst in coming up with realistic pictures of what the company’s earnings are like. The other factor that it applies includes the political view of the assumed profits and handling of debts in an efficient manner. As such, maintaining the quality of earnings requires the analysis of external and internal environments thereby maintaining the required standards of earnings.

Church in my life. free essay sample

It took me about seventeen years to realize how important church was to me. Each and Every day life changing events happens to us, and other people around the world. Those events can be as plain as waking up in the morning and finding a hundred dollar bill on the table, as shocking as the death of a family member or a friend, or as puzzling as an African American at the head of the United States of America’s government. Something incredible happened in my life that reintroduced me to and made me realize the importance of church. I was born in a family with a very religious mother, so I was initiated with the Christian doctrine at a very early age. As a young boy, going to church was never something I looked forward to unlike going to a fair or the circus; I only went because everybody else did; I really wanted to assure a spots in heaven, and my mother forced me. We will write a custom essay sample on Church in my life. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 2004, the year I moved to Georgia, I was introduced by a friend to a church called life church international; I wasn’t very interested, but since on Wednesday the youth service offered food and beverages with no charge; I was vigorous to go. The church became a place where â€Å"the neighborhood kids†, that’s what we were called, and the regular attendee assembled up to eat and play basketball before the service and when time for the actual â€Å"church† part of it to start, most of us left and the ones who stayed used that time to socialize with each other instead of listening and learning. One Wednesday, I can’t specifically remember the exact date, after being confronted by the pastor about my bad regular routine of parting right before the service commenced, I was determine to stay. So after shooting some hoops I went in the church. Before the service begun they played some dull game that didn’t make sense, at least not to me, then the youth pastor played a song requesting everyone to find a spot in the room and ponder. After the meditation, he sermonized for a while; encouraging anyone who desired to accept Jesus as their lord and savior to go to one of the youth leaders on the stage and get prayed for. Let me just tell you this, I wasn’t going to, what an embarrassment it would have been if my friends saw me actually listening to all this church stuff; so I patiently waited in my seat for someone else to go. The whole time a voice within was daring me to go up and get prayed for; I couldn’t resist so I audaciously went up to the stage t o see what it was all about. As I reached the stage, I could have sworn my heart skipped a beat; it was as if I entered a whole new world. Jonathan, The pastor, laid his hand on me and asked me if I was ready to accept Jesus as my lord and savior, I slowly answered â€Å"yes† but with a lot of doubt, he repeated the question, and my answer was the same; he prayed over me, kindly asking me to repeat his words. After the prayer, I sat down on my seat and quietly listen to the song. As the song went along, something hit me real hard; I was feeling bizarre. Thoughts came upon my head; I was remind of all the misfortunes and awful events that have happened in my life, and how the lord still cared, and was kind enough to wake me up every morning. Maybe I was meant to go up on the stage and get prayed for I thought. Unexpectedly, uncontrollable tears began falling out my eyes; I got on my knees and prayed. It was probably the most honest praying I ever did in my entire life; the pastor came back and put his han d over me to comfort me; I felt fully alive and free. I then realized that this precious life we possess is nothing without God. The reason I said that this event was life changing is because after that night I was not the same. After that night I felt liberated from all the wrong I had done which were holding me back trough all those years. I wasn’t a shame of saying â€Å"yes† when people asked me if I was a Christian or if I attended church every Wednesday. I felt free to be who I wanted to be not who others expected me to be. It did not only help me to live life as a Christian but to live life as a fresh and improved being.

5 Steps to a Successful Personal Statement

The college application consists of many pieces, but the one that ties it all together is the personal statement. With so much pressure to produce your best piece of writing, where do you begin? We asked Marcella Manoharan, co-founder of Cambridge Coaching, to show us the way: Your personal statement. Maybe you’ve thought about it, or maybe you haven’t. Maybe you have images, or an anecdote, or an argument floating through your imagination – or maybe you don’t. Either way, my first piece of advice is: stay cool, this will get done. My next piece of advice? Pretend your personal statement is something you have to build from the ground up. Like a lego set, or a piece of furniture, or a house. Then: follow the steps. I know what you’re thinking: what are the steps? That’s what this blog post is for. Follow these steps and I promise you will have a personal statement. These steps are fail-safe. Step #1: Brainstorm The idea is to loosen your mind and imagination, and to let the stories just sorta flow. But this is much, much easier said than done. The vast majority of our clients at Cambridge Coaching find this sort of looseness very difficult to achieve. This is a little like going to yoga class and being told to think about nothing, to let your mind relax, and then, obviously, thinking about EVERYTHING, including that quesadilla you’re going to get right after class. The point is it’s hard to get loose about the most important things in your life at the most important moment in your life. So, what can you do? Brainstorm within a structure. I recommend a simple grid. On one axis, list your most important resume experiences (soccer, soup kitchen, the school play, etc.). On the other axis, list themes: leadership, adversity, community, impact, team, etc. Now: rather than brainstorming about your whole life, you can brainstorm about pairs of experiences and themes. So, the time you mobilized your class to volunteer at the soup kitchen could be an example of leadership, for instance. Do this for at least 3 – 5 experiences. Step #2: Outline You’ve heard it from your teachers in English: outline, outline. Believe in the power of the outline. Even for the personal statement. Actually scratch that: especially for the statement. Embarking on the personal statement without an outline is a little like trying to build a house without a blueprint: bad idea. I recommend two or more rounds of outlining. In the first round, or the sketch outline, you’ll articulate your thesis and make a rough plan for where your ideas and narratives will go. In the next round, you’ll sharpen the plan, which means you’ll create topic sentences and firm up what evidence goes where. At this point, it should be possible to understand the logic of the essay by looking just at the topic sentences. Don’t move on until you have distilled the topic sentences into clear, logical points in your argument. Step #3: Draft The moment you’ve been waiting for: the actual writing. You have music going, herbal tea, scented candles. It’s like a trance, except you’re staring at the blank screen and you realize you have no idea what you’re doing. What do you do now? Open the outline and write directly into it. This is why you went through the trouble of creating it! So that when you reached this awful moment, there would be something for you to do. Remember: the outline is your roadmap, your Google maps. Don’t know where you’re going? Follow the outline. And the converse is also true: deviate from the outline at your peril. Step #4: Edit Finally, you have a real, live draft. Nope, you’re not done. Now, lay it aside – minimum of 24 hours – and come back to the draft after you’ve taken space. Here are the questions to ask yourself: Is the point of each paragraph clear? Do you have topic sentences, either implicit or explicit? Does your evidence line up with your topic sentences? Are you using the simplest language to express your ideas? Editing is iterative. You need at least 2 – 3 rounds of this process. Don’t rush it; keep rereading. Now is the time to be a little harsh, too. Cut words, reframe ideas, push yourself to be as clear as possible. Step #5: Polish This is the fun part! The window-dressing. Polishing and proofreading are about making the best possible impression on your readers. I am fond of two strategies in particular, both of which start with printing the document. Then, first strategy is to read the essay aloud. You will catch anything clunky or awkward this way. Second strategy is to hold a piece of paper up to the document and read it line by line slowly. Hey, you’ve come this far! Just use both strategies and call it perfect. Okay, so I said 5 steps, but I lied a little. There’s a sixth step for those of you who want some support in this process. If you would like a guide, a mentor, a reader, and an editor to keep you on the right track, contact Cambridge Coaching! This is what we do, and we have been getting awesome students like you into the best colleges, including all Ivies, since 2005. How crazy would it be if the college process could actually be just a teensy bit fun? And, you got into the school of your choice? #anythingispossible

How did Dickens change the character of Scrooge Essay Example

How did Dickens change the character of Scrooge Essay Example How did Dickens change the character of Scrooge Paper How did Dickens change the character of Scrooge Paper Essay Topic: Literature Life in Victorian times was often hard. There were rich people and also lots of poor people at that time. Charles Dickens wrote this book to make people aware of the plight of the children of the Poor. A Christmas Carol is a novella that describes a character called Ebenezer Scrooge who was a greedy old man who was tight-fisted, miserly, squeezing, wrenching and scraping. He was a man who had a hard heart as the shell of a cloyster. Scrooge was an emotionally cold man who had no passion for anybody. Due to all his sinful acts, the ghost of his long gone partner and friend Joseph Marley visited him and told him he would be visited by three ghosts, Ghost of his Christmas Past, Present and Future if he did not change. After he had been visited by all these ghosts the transformation in his life began and he finally became a jovial, cheerful hearted person. At the beginning of the novella, Scrooges character was unbearable and was also awful to people. Scrooge never liked Christmas or Charity. Caring for the poor of the sick were not his best behavior. He didnt even care and show love to his workers especially Bob Crachit his clerk. He showed his hatred to Bob Crachit by not giving him coal to replenish his fire even though Bob did not have enough. He always kept an eye on the clerk to see if he was working or not. Scrooge also showed a bad attitude to his nephew who came to him and asked him if he would come and dine with them on Christmas day. Scrooge refused and called Christmas Humbug he also said to his nephew . What right have you to be merry? Youre poor enough. But the nephew behaved in a more reasonable way by not replying in a violent manner. Scrooge also behaved greedily by not giving money to the gentlemen who came for money to the poor. But not only did scrooge behaved greedily but he also used abusive words saying . If they would rather die, they better do it, and decrease the surplus population.. . On Christmas Eve Scrooge was visited by the ghost of his long gone friend/partner Jacob Marley. Scrooge was scared seeing Jacob Marley and he was shocked at the tone at the way Marley spoke. Marley knew that Scrooge didnt believed in him so he went straight to the point about why he had come. He told Scrooge that he should change his ways. He should start liking Christmas and he should give to charity and his behavior should improve. Marley also warned him that if he does not change his ways he would be working all over the earth like he was, that he wouldnt move on after death. He also told Scrooge that he would be visited by three ghosts, Ghost of Christmas Past, ghost of Christmas present and ghost of Christmas Future ( If he does not change). Jacob Marley also told Scrooge to change for the better so that he would have real when he dies. Scrooge thought on what Marley said when Marley went and he was quite prepared for the first ghost. At the struck of One oclock. Scrooge woke up and from the curtains came a brighten shine light. And lo and Behold there was a soft gentle voice which called Scrooge and took him to the town where he studied in school as a boy. As a boy Scrooge was lonely and was often in the boarding school even when his friends went home for holidays. This was due to the hatred of his father towards him Scrooge often red fantasy storybooks like Ali Baba to comfort himself. Scrooge felt very sad for his younger self. The ghost asked him what was wrong but Scrooge answered oh nothing, there was a boy singing a Christmas Carol at my door last night, I should like to have given him something thats all. The ghost smiled. The ghost later showed him the Feeziwigs party where scrooge learnt that it wasnt wealth that matters it is the state of your heart. After Scrooge observed the way the Feeziwigs treated there workers Scrooge wished he could say a word or two to his clerk Bob Crachit. A;; this things the ghost were showing him were for him to see how his past was and what made him a selfish, greedy man that he was. The ghost then showed him his fianci e Belle who he neglected in favour of the wealth. Scrooge sees Belles happy family and realizes what he had missed. He shows this saying The children of Belle might had called me father He showed grieve saying Remove me from this place Remove me! Take me back, Haunt me no longer! . The ghost saw that he felt bad and he wished he had longer. People speak of Scrooge in bad way, Example of one these people is Mrs. Crachit who was very angry when her husband said a toast should be given to Scrooge. She shows this by saying I wish I had him here. Id give him a piece of my mind to feast upon, and I hope hed have a good appetite for it. When Scrooge heard this he felt morose and remorse, sad. He felt as if he had been a good man from the start of his life. Also from the beginning of the chapter we saw that the transformation in Scrooges life as started picking up speed because he said to the ghost of the Christmas Present I want to learn something from what you would show me. After that the ghost showed him all around to the countryside where he saw people that are not all that wealthy but celebrate Christmas. Scrooge learnt from them. The ghost led Scrooge to his nephew Fred to go and show him how Christmas is celebrated there. In Freds house Fred and is friends, cousins played a guessing game where people had to guess who Fred was thinking about. It was Freds turn and he said someone was an animal who was he. Everybody guessed who it was but they failed until Freds cousin said Scrooge and she was right. But Fred gave a toast to Scrooge without feeling bad. Scrooge feeling bad as well. At the Crachits house Scrooge looked at tiny Time and he asked the ghost maybe he would live. But unfortunately the ghost said if Scrooge doesnt change the boy would die. The ghost also used Scrooges words against him .. What then? If he like to die, he had better do it and decrease the surplus population.. Scrooge was overcome with grief and penitence because his own words had been used against him. After the visit of the last scary ghost (Phantom) Scrooge met himself inside is bedroom his curtains, furniture and his bed were still there. He remembered the promise he had made to the phantom saying I will live in the Past, The Present and the Future The spirits of all three shall strive within me . He truly wanted to keep his promise. On Christmas morning Scrooge started enjoying Christmas and he sent a whole large Turkey to the Crachits family. He also told the two men in the beginning of the novella that he would also contribute to Charity. From this part the language Scrooge uses were jovial, light-hearted, cheerful, good honored language. Scrooge became a jovial and happy man. He greeted everyone he found one the way Merry Christmas. He had become a totally changed man. We know this due to the language he uses in the beginning of the novella which were miserable, pathetic and were not joyful. He normally uses words like Bah, Humbug which means rubbish. He also used an awful language against the men that came to him for the money for Charity, Scrooge never liked anything good but again he never uses his money to enjoy himself. Scrooge had changed in all circumstances. He liked Christmas. He never despises the poor again and he gives to Charity. He enjoyed working with Bob Crachit again he doubled Bobs salary so that he could feed his starving family much better. He also saw that Tiny Tim does not die and he became more like a father to him. In the whole novella Charles Dickens showed how a greedy old man changes through all the sights and experiences he has learnt to became a joyful and happy man. Charles Dickens also made us know that behavior like Scrooges would get one nowhere in life. It also makes us know or learn that one should be responsible for each other.

Reading Response of the TWO readings Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading Response of the TWO readings - Assignment Example ng at their own homes to workshops and factories, where tea became part of daily routines, replacing gin and beer as the national beverage.2 In â€Å"A Taste of Empire, 1600-1800,† James Walvin argues that the demand for luxury staples, such as sugar, tea, tobacco, and chocolate, are products of social and economic changes in British life. He asserts that the demand for tea increased because Britain also became a world superpower who used slavery trade and wars to attain their economic ends.3 Both Pomeranz and Topik and Walvin agree that tea is related to trade and colonialism because it is a product of international trade and demand for it increased because of the need for other luxury staple products. Pomeranz and Topik and Walvin note the increasing demand for tea using the same information that tea became popular in Europe during the eighteenth century because of cheaper sweeteners. They are also similar in addressing the slave trade that became an important driver to reducing the prices of sugar and to highlighting the role of trade to expanding colonialism. Walvin asserts that the slave trade decreased sugar prices,4 and Pomeranz and Topik agree that the â€Å"availability of cheap sweetener† encouraged tea consumption.5 What is different between the two is that Pomeranz and Topik focus on workshops and factories as main social influencers of tea consumption,6 while Walvin is more general in emphasizing that even the poor in Europe, especially in Britain, dr ank tea in large amounts.7 Walvin further informs the text of Pomeranz and Topik by describing the slave trade, and how Britain’s rise as a commercial and military power played a role in its global trade goals and practices,8 whereas Pomeranz and Topik shows how the British used the Opium War to manage its tea trade with China.9 Pomeranz, Kenneth, and Steven Topik, eds. â€Å"Brewing Up a Storm.† The World that Trade Created: Society, Culture, and the World Economy, 1400 to the Present. NY: M.E. Sharpe

The relationship between motivation and experience of Chinese tourists Dissertation

The relationship between motivation and experience of Chinese tourists to UK - Dissertation Example Keywords: Hospitality, Tourism, Culture, Outbound Tourism, Destination Image, Motivation, Push-and-Pull, Chinese Tourists; Characteristics Acknowledgements This study has been completed with the support and guidance of my supervisor, who has been of tremendous encouragement. Acknowledgements are also due to the respondents and participants to the study for their time and cooperation in sharing their feelings and experiences. The researcher also owes thanks to the friends that have helped in editing and refining the study. Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Global Outbound Tourism 1 1.1.2 China’s Outbound Tourism 4 1.2 Rationale for the Study 6 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 9 1.4 Research Questions 9 1.5 Structure of the Study 10 Chapter Two: Literature Review 2.1 Chapter Overview 11 2.2 Hospitality Industry 2.2.1 Overview 11 2.2.2 Hospitality and culture 11 2.3 Tourism 2.3.1 Overview 12 2.3.2 Tourism and Culture 13 2.4 Motivation 2.4.1 Definiti on and concept of Motivation 16 2.4.2 Motivation to Travel 17 2.4.3 Motivation for the Chinese Tourists 19 2.5 Characteristics of Chinese tourists 20 2.6 Tourism Experience 21 2.7 Push-and-pull framework 23 2.8 Destination Image 24 2.9 Chapter Summary 25 Chapter Three: Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy 26 3.2 Epistemology 26 3.3 Research Phenomenon 26 3.4 Research Design 26 3.5 Research Methodology 27 3.6 Data Collection Instruments 29 3.7 Sampling Strategy 32 3.8 Data Analysis 33 3.9 Reliability and Validity 33 3.10 Ethical concerns 34 Chapter Four: Findings & Discussions 4.1 Chapter Overview 35 4.2 Presentation of Findings from the Survey 35 4.3 Presentation of Findings from Interviews 39 4.4 Discussion 42 4.5 Response to research questions 49 4.6 Chapter Summary 50 Chapter Five:... Tourists’ search for novel and distinctive experiences and sensations has been the drivers of outbound tourism (Là ³pez-Guzmà ¡n and Sà ¡nchez-Caňizares, 2012). International travellers are by nature novelty-seeking, inspired by a sense of exploration and adventure (Hartman, Meyer and Scribner, 2009). As per United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2008) international tourism has been experiencing consistent growth and destination diversification (cited in Hartman, Meyer and Scribner, 2009). International tourist arrivals grew from 25 million in 1950 to 903 million in 2007, as per UNWTO which suggests an average growth rate of four percent. By 2020 this number is expected to reach 1.1 billion. So far people from Europe and the Americas accounted for the largest travel but now people from several countries such as Middle-East, North-East, South Asia, and Central and South America also travel to overseas destinations. Travel has now become a mainstream activity fo r the masses. This is perhaps the reason that despite the political crises and natural catastrophes in 2011, the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) predicted that international arrivals would increase by 4-4.5% in 2012 to an all-time high (ITB, 2011). Despite the uncertain economic outlook, industry experts have expressed optimism for moderate growth. Rising incomes in the emerging markets, stable employment and disposable income in mature markets are expected to drive the growth. The world travel and tourism was impacted in 2011 due to several events such as the conflicts and revolutions in Arab countries, the Tsunami and nuclear disaster in Japan, and the political and economic drama in Greece (ITB, 2011).

Progression Module Essay Example for Free

Progression Module Essay The progression module is a course which I would recommend for anyone. It has a numerous amount of benefits, one of the main benefits is it allows you to explore a broad range of courses at a variety of university. I feel the progression module has prepared me for university as I have discovered many courses that interest me. The progression module has also helped me understand other vital things that need to be considered when going university, such as deciding whether to live at home or away from home and all the financial implications university life holds. During the progression module I have discovered a great deal about myself and what I would like to pursue a career in. After completing the progression module I feel I now have the opportunity to access the career I want through a variety of routes. I also feel I am now much more confident in terms of writing letters, CV’s and personal statements. This has benefited massively because when applying for voluntary work I was much more assertive when writing my CV, I took a positive approach which I learned from the progression module and due to this approach I was given the role of volunteer in the hospital. Whilst doing a-levels students are expected to deliver presentations on subject topics. In the progression module I had to create a presentations and deliver it, I followed all the information provided from the progression module and I feel I managed to deliver my presentation effectively remaining confident and clear at all times. Another thing the progression module prepared me for was interview, following the progression modules guidelines helped me develop all the positive and necessary skills required for delivering a questionnaire. After following these guidelines I was successful in my mock interview. I remained confident at all times, I did everything possible to express the knowledge and interest I had for medicine without showing arrogance. After participating in a mock interview I was also given feedback on my performance and what I should do to do even better. The mock interview was a huge boost of motivation as all the feedback I received was positive and I was told if I go for an interview tomorrow I will be successful. Universities always look at personal statements before accepting any student for an interview. So essentially the personal statement is a vital part in the acceptance of an applicant. In unit four of the progression module I was expected to write a personal statement but obviously I was given ideas on how to structure it, what to avoid and what to definitely include. This was extremely beneficial as I now feel I am prepared for university, I have a personal statement written and all I need to do is fill in my UCAS. Overall the progression module has helped me decide what I would like to do in terms of living at home or living away from home. I have decided I am going to study at a university close to home so I can love at home. I know about all the financial implication involved when living at home and I know how to approach these implications and deal with them effectively. The progression module was very interesting and intriguing it has been a huge benefit to my future especially my career. I feel I am now much more confident when applying for university and I am also aware of all the options that are available for me to undertake. The progression module is fantastic and completing it not only helps applying for university but also benefits an individual in terms of the academic challenges they may have to face.

The Judgment of Paris and The Miracle of the Fishes Artwork Essay

How often do we see things in life that require a double-take, a second glance, a follow-up look, or even multiple subsequent studies? The answer is quite simple: everyday. The things we often look at a second time are often not intellectually worth the look, whether it be an irrational teenager attempting some outrageous skateboarding stunt, a monkey drinking its own urine, or even a two-headed cat, people have stopped spending their second or third glances on things that are meaningful and sensible. As a result people have lost the appreciation of evaluating and scrutinizing art and often don’t think of looking at it a second or third time to really â€Å"look† at it. Sure people go to museums and galleries, but nowadays, how many of them actually try and conceive the painters’ thoughts or motivation for the paintings? Upon my search two paintings really stuck out to me and required second and third inquiries, The Judgment of Paris and The Miracle of the Fishe s; both making me return to make a suitable judgment of my own. By looking at paintings multiple times in person a viewer can see different details and aspects of the painting they’re looking at or studying—making their observations more accurate and varied— upon a second or third scrutiny. In these two paintings by Jacob Jordaens, The Miracle of the Fishes and The Judgment of Paris, there are many similar and contrasting ideas. From a first glance they are quite different; The judgment of Paris is centered on the three Goddesses and their surrounding aura that is the bright center of the painting while The Miracle of the Fishes seems to have a rather dark and almost gloomy center. However, upon a second examination or a more thorough look one begins to notice an abundance of... ...utinize both paintings multiple times I was able to gather enough information to make accurate analyses. Even without seeing every miniscule detail a decent analysis can be made if an adequate amount of details is observed, whether the observation is in person or from a picture. Seeing a painting in person and being able to get close and look at the minute details allows a person to more accurately describe or analyze a painting. Works Cited 1. Julius S. Held and Donald Posner. 17th th century art; baroque painting, sculpture, and architecture, New York: H.N Abrams, 1971 2. â€Å"Jacob Jordaens.† The Artchive. 28 Sep. 2006 http://artchive.com/artchive/J/jordaens.html 3. Malcolm Gladwell. Blink, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2005 4. â€Å"Jacob Jordaens.† The Getty. 28 Sep. 2006 http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=359

Cell Transport Lab

â€Å"Cell Transport Lab† Hypothesis: I hypothesis that there will be a movement of molecules out of the egg, and will move into the water solution. Osmosis will occur within the egg, and in the process the molecules of the egg will diffuse. Time (hrs)| Observations| Circumference (cm)| 0| * Egg is of normal weight and size * No membrane is being shown, and is almost perfect| * 14 centimeters| * 24| * Egg has gotten larger taking in some of the water * Shell is soft | * 15 centimeters| * 48| * It larger now than before, opaque in appearance * Firm to touch| * 16 centimeter| * 72| * Transparent almost see through, fluid inside is visible * It has become even more firm and hard| * 17 centimeters| Conclusion: 1. The egg changed exactly three centimeters in size from 14 centimeter, to 17 centimeters. 2.Yes my hypothesis was correct, osmosis occurred and the molecules in the egg transferred and in a result the egg took in water. 3. The type of transport that will occur within the e gg will be osmosis. Displacement occurred within the egg, when water was taken in within the egg. 4. The liquid goes through the membranes of lettuce or spinach cells and surges the overall firmness of the leaves. 5. What I think will happen to the egg if you put it in syrup, would be that the egg will egg deflate a little from the humongous state and go back to normal. Maybe the water will come out from the egg and go within the syrup somehow.

Equity and Fixed income investments in the market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4829 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The Equity Fixed Income Investment basically deals with analysis of company stock, what are investment opportunities in the company. This report undertakes an in-depth study on financial analysis .Numerous studies point out to the fact that financial analysis help investors, company to have a clear idea about their investment options. Financial Analysis Refer to an assessment of the viability stability and profitability of a business or project. This project is used for owner, investor Creditors, Shareholders, Bankers etc. For an outsider user the detail in the financial statements indicates only raw data or raw material. This Raw material needs to re-organised, processed converted into easy to understand form. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Equity and Fixed income investments in the market" essay for you Create order Kingfisher plc is Europes leading home improvement retail group and the third largest in the world, with over 830 stores in eight countries in Europe and Asia. Its main retail brands are BQ, Castorama, Brico Dpt and Screwfix. Kingfisher also has a 50% joint venture business in Turkey with Ko Group, and a 21% interest in, and strategic alliance with Hornbach, Germanys leading large format DIY retailer. This report is also analysis of nature of Retail industry of Europe and what is the industry life cycle of the of retail industry. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY As the process of analysis Equity Fixed Income investment is a thought provoking process, it is totally based on the secondary data that is being obtained from the audited balance sheet of the division and then this data is being processed using various techniques of analysis. Research methodology describes the research procedure. KINGFISHER PLC Kingfisher plc is a United Kingdom-based home improvement retailer. The Company, together with its subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates, supplies home improvement products and services through a network of retail stores and other channels, located mainly in the United Kingdom, continental Europe and China. As of January 30, 2010, the Company operated over 830 stores in eight countries in Europe and Asia. Its main retail brands are BQ, Castorama, Brico Depot and Screwfix. Kingfishers portfolio of own brands includes the Colours range of decorative products, and MacAllister and Performance Power power tools. Kingfisher also has a 50% joint venture business in Turkey under the name Koctas, Yapi Marketleri Ticaret A.S., and a 21% interest in, and strategic alliance with Hornbach Holding A.G., a do-it-yourself (DIY) retailer operating in Germany. The Companys geographic segments are France, UK Ireland and Other International. Kingfisher plc is Europes leading home improvement retail group and the third largest in the world, with over 830 stores in eight countries in Europe and Asia. Its main retail brands are BQ, Castorama, Brico Dpt and Screwfix. Kingfisher also has a 50% joint venture business in Turkey with Ko Group, and a 21% interest in, and strategic alliance with Hornbach, Germanys leading large format DIY retailer. OVERVIEW OF RETAIL INDUSTRY The UK retail market is set to increase in size by 15% over the next five years, taking its value to just over 312bn (UK Retail Futures 2011: Sector Summary, Datamonitor). However this represents a slowing down of annual growth and with operating costs and the cost of credit set to raise, the retail sector faces challenging times. Companies who cannot compete against shrinking margins will suffer. The electrical sector is currently the best performer, with a predicted growth of 24% (UK Retail Futures 2011: Sector Summary, Datamonitor), while the home sector retailers face a tough period as falling house prices make people more cautious about moving home. Consumer debt, rising interest rates, inflation, house prices and job security all affect how much people shop, and the current economic climate indicates that consumer spending will slow down. Customer confidence is a key issue: if people feel optimistic about their situation, they will spend more. If they are nervous about their own financial security, they will spend less. The retail industry employs over 3 million people (data collected March 08). This equates to 11% of the total UK workforce (UK Retail Futures 2011: Sector Summary, Datamonitor). Almost 8% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the UK is generated by the retail sector. UK retail sales were approximately 265 billion in 2007, which is larger than the combined economies of Denmark and Portugal (UK Retail Futures 2011: Sector Summary, Datamonitor). ÂÂ   STRATEGIC GROUP ANALYSIS Kingfisher being at the first rank in the retail sector being highest profit gainer and sales has many competitors. The competitors of Woolworth (previous name for kingfisher) are deemed as follows:- Discounters:-those stores which have or offer stock particularly at lower prices have this unique selling point. These would Wilkinsons, asda-walmart and poundstrecher. Supermarkets:-these are the stores that used to sell predominantly only food items have now expanded their range towards other items like home decor, toiletries etc. These are basically termed as substantial non-food categories. E.g. Tesco, Sainsbury etc Departmental stores: these are the kind of stores which sell a range of items usually non-food, divides its goods into distinct areas of the stoppers known as departments. In UK this category includes MS, Debenhams, and house of Frazer etc. Catalogue stores:-in this kind of store the retailer has a large storing space which is dominantly dedicated to storing space rather than selling space. Very few goods (at times) are on display and customers select their goods from a catalogue. They select their choice of product before actually seeing it. Argos and next are most well-known in UK related to the examples of this kind of store. Specialist stores:-those who are concentrated on a specific part of product or subject in a store which corresponds on parts of Woolworth range. Foe e.g. mothers care and early learning centres for childrens clothes, BQ, home base and focus DIY for DIY products. Competition is relatively very high which has lead to ignoring or blurring of retail sector differences between the categories. Many companies are diversifying into new sectors which have for many years now had a fierce competition or are aiming high market penetration for their existing product. A good example is the supermarkets. MICHAEL PORTERS FIVE FORCES AS APPLIED BY KINGFISHER PLC As it can be seen in the above figure this is a diagram of Michael porters five force model. The explanations for these can be seen in brief as below. Rivalry:- Traditionally it is believed that rivalry drives profits to zero. But in todays advanced age rivalry is taken up in a positive attitude and it is termed as competitive advantage. In case of kingfisher PLC it had 3 major rivals focus (DIY), Homebase LTD and wolseley. Rivalry tends to be more if there are more competitors and vies versa. In case of the retail sector when barriers to leaving an industry are high, competitors tend to exhibit greater rivalry. Rivalry among kingfisher and the other retailers decreased when the buyers had high switching costs. Threat of substitutes:- In the retail sector Substitute product can be referred to as other products in the industry which could replace the existing industries product. A threat from the substitutes is known to occur when a products demand is affected by the price change in the substitute product. A products price elasticity is affected by the substitute product. In case of kingfisher PLC its substitute was mark and spencers which took the place of kingfisher in 1968 as Britains leading retailer both in terms of profit and sales. As more substitutes enter the market, demand becomes more elastic since the buyer has more alternatives or choices. The threat from a substitute comes from a product engendered outside the industry. Bargaining power of buyers:- The buying power of customers decides the kind of impact that a company has had on the markets. Especially when it comes to the retail sector the buyer is considered as the kingpin case of kingfisher PLC staff turnover led to consumer dissatisfaction. This led to decreasing profits for the industry. When the buyers side is strong he is close to what an economist calls as a monopsony. monopsony refers to a situation where there are many suppliers and just one buyer. When such a situation occurs the buyer decides the price. In reality monopsony can hardly be seen but frequently there is some asymmetry between a producing industry and buyers. Bargaining power of suppliers:- An industry which is involved in production requires certain raw material like labour, components and certain other supplies. The suppliers of kingfisher PLC were the manufacturers themselves. At the beginning the manufacturers were reluctant to give supplies to them but later on they felt that the direct supply decision that was taken was right. This requirement of raw materials leads to a buyer-supplier relationship. This kind of relation is between the industry and the firm which provides the raw material to create the finished goods. If the suppliers are powerful then it can produce an influence on the producing industry. Suppliers are powerful if the customers are concentrated, significant cost to switch suppliers etc and they are termed to be weak if there are many competitive suppliers, concentrated purchasers and if customers are weak. Kingfisher had also helped some suppliers to grow. By early 1960s duttons was one of the major suppliers to Woolworth. Threat of new entrants:- Rivals are not the only people who pose threat to the retail industry. When kingfisher was into action new entrants in their field led to a lot of stress among the kingfisher employees. Even new entrants are a certain kind of threat to the existing industries. According to theory there is free entry and exit of firms in a market. According to that the industries have to keep the profits normal. But in reality the industries work with a high profit and gain a good name which proves to be very unhealthy to the new entrants. These are barriers to entry. Other sources for the barriers to entry are government barriers, patents and proprietors service to restrict entry, asset specificity, organisational economies of scale ETC. LIFECYCLE OF KINGFISHER PLC. Introduction. Kingfisher primarily opened as a subsidiary of F.W.Woolworth and company of the U.S.on July 23 2003, 1909 the subsidiary was incorporated in England as a private limited company, F.W.Woolworth ltd with a share capital of 50,250 pounds. in 1912 the share capital was increased to 1,00,000 pounds. During the first two days of the business 60,000 people visited the shop. Between 1909 and 1919 the shareholders did not receive any dividends and following six years it issued paltry dividends. All this was not due to low profits but because the shareholders wanted to create reserves for the company. After a steady business in the US it opened its branch in Britain. Everything was priced only in pennies. GROWTH. Supplies were being brought directly from the manufacturers. In US they had a problem in making the manufacturers agree that they should supply them the materials directly but in Britain the manufacturers readily agreed and soon they found that the decision taken was right. By 1912 the chain had expanded to 28 shops 26 of which were managed by Britons. Again Woolworth started an Irish subsidiary. At the beginning of World War 1, women replaced men in the stores here. After the war the British subsidiary had become ready for a major expansion. The man who was mainly responsible for the expansion was William.L.stephenson.stephenson started working in the company in 1909 even before the first shop had opened. Later on he became the chairman in 1931.there was a flotation of chain of 444 shops which resulted in an excellent track record of the company. The Woolworth flotation was a success despite it taking place during the great depression. Since its foundation in 1909 the company had ma de considerable profits which increased year after year and continued to do so until the beginning of the Second World War. Maturity. After all the flotation and steady profits Woolworth had reached a settled position in the markets.ste phenson had brought in an important change which was that he had made properties of Woolworth instead of leasing spaces(Stephensons property investment would later prove to be a major contribution to the revival of worldworths successor, kingfisher, during the 1980s).under stephensons management Woolworth had opened many new shops at the rate of one every fortnight this remarkable growth was maintained till world war two. World war two led to a big loss for Woolworth.23 shops were destroyed and 353 were damaged by enemy in action. But again by the end of 1951 the expansion programme had resumed. Decline. Though it was a decline, it was only for a short period. The company faced many ups and downs before it was names as kingfisher PLC in 1989. A visible sign of trouble was seen when Woolworth lost its place as Britains leading retailer and marks and Spencers overtook it both in terms of profits and sales. Despite all of the modernisation programmes Woolworth still possessed a number of small and poorly locate branches with an extremely low rate of turnover and profitability. In 1971, with the profits still not coming into place, Woolworth opened new cash and wraps policy and began to convert 777 shops from conventional behind the counter service to a system of centralised payment in each shop. Despite of that profits failed to recover very strongly as a result of its heavy cost of modernisation and created a prolonged start-up problem with a new distribution centre. Despite recovery in profits, Woolworth had still not solved its problems. Woolworth had now began to reorganise by selling all the unprofitable parts of the business and finally on March 17 1989 woolworth was rechristened as kingfisher PLC. During the 90s kingfisher has made a number of acquisitions in the process becoming a much more diversified retailer. GENERIC STRATEGIES ANALYSIS In the retail sector, specifically related to the kingfishers home improvement business, the industry can maintain a high profitability specially with reference to the porters generic strategies mentioned as below:- Cost leadership:- Kingfisher was ranking first in the retail sector related to the profit and sales. One of the main reasons was their cost leadership. The company that attempts to be the lowest cost producer in the industry can e referred to as those following the cost leadership strategy. Kingfisher was run with the lowest costs but would run highest profits in the events when the competing products are essentially undifferentiated, and selling at a standard market price. Kingfisher placed an emphasis on every activity in the value chain. It must be noted that the company might be a cost leader but that doesnt mean that its products are that of lower prices. In certain instances companies have followed the company charges an average price while following the low cost leadership strategy and reinvest the extra profits into the business (lynch, 2003). The risk of following a cost leadership is that the companies focus on cutting the costs may sometimes affect the vital factors and this mistake may become so dominant that the company may lose vision on why it embarked on this type of a strategy at the first place. Differentiation. When a company makes a certain difference in its product it is often able to charge a premium for its products and services in the market. Generally speaking in the retail sector differentiation would include better service levels to the customers, better product performance, better packaging, and better after sale services etc as related to its competitors. Porter argues that a company following the differentiation strategy would incur further charges resulting in an increase in the cost of production. The high costs would be incurred for the purpose of better advertising features etc. Differentiation brings about many advantages to the firm which makes use of the strategies. Some problematic areas include the difficulty on part of the firm to estimate whether the extra costs can be recovered from the customers by charging a premium cost. Moreover successful differentiation strategy of a firm may attract the competitors to enter the market segment and copy the differentiated product (lynch, 2003). Focus. Porte initially presented focus as one of the three generic strategies but later on recognised the focus as the moderator of the two strategies. Companies follow this strategy by focussing that part or area of the market which has the least amount of competition (Pearson, 1999). Companies can make use of this strategy by concentrating on a specific area of the market and create a product specifically suiting that area of market. This is why the focus strategy is also sometimes referred to as the niche strategy as it focuses on a specific niche in the market. Therefore by employing focus strategy the company can attain competitive advantage. The company can make use of the cost leadership or differentiation approach with regards to the differentiation strategy. In that the company using the cost focus approach would aim for differentiation in its target segment only and not overall the market. This strategy provides the company with the possibility to charge a premium price for superior quality or by offering a small low priced product to a group of buyers. Compound Annual Growth Rate CAGR A compound annual growth rate (CAGR) measures the rate of return for an investmentÂÂ   such as a mutual fund or bondÂÂ   over an investment period, such as 5 or 10 years. The CAGR is also known as smoothed rate of return because it measures the growth of an investment as if it had grown at a steady rate on an annually compounded basis The compound annual growth rate is calculated by taking the nth root of the total percentage growth rate, where n is the number of years in the period being considered.ÂÂ   This can be written as follows i.e CAGR = ( Dn/Do)1/n -1 Here we know that, Ending valve in Year 2005 i.e Do = 204.8 Beginning valve in Year 2010 i.e Dn =125 n = 5 no. of years We using above formula we get CAGR = (125/204.8)1/5 1 CAGR = -0.0940 CAGR = -9.40% These are some of the common CAGR applications[3]: Calculating and communicating the average returns of investment funds Demonstrating and comparing the performance of investment advisors Comparing the historical returns of stocks with bonds or with a savings account Forecasting future values based on the CAGR of a data series (you find future values by multiplying the last datum of the series by (1 + CAGR) as many times as years required). As every forecasting method, this method has a calculation error associated. Analyzing and communicating the behaviour of different business measures such as sales, market share, costs, customer satisfaction, and performance. Absolute Valuation Models Dividend Discount Model: this model is theoretically one of the most correct valuation models. This model is also known as the GORDON MODEL named after Professor Myron J. Gordon who popularised this model. The model is effective when a company is distributing a significant amount of their earnings as dividend. This model value shares at a discounted value of the future dividends paid because share is worth the present value of all future dividends. This is a procedure of valuing the price of a stock by predicted dividends and discounting them back to present value. The idea behind this is that if the value obtained from the Dividend Discount Model is higher than what the shares are trading at, than the stock is undervalued. Returns derived from the model can be combined with risk data to construct a market line benchmark. Securities that plot along the line are considered fairly priced, the ones below the line are unattractive and the ones above the line are offer more return. The rational of the model lies in the present value rule. Two basic inputs to the model are the expected dividends and the cost of equity. Two Stage model: this model allows for two stages of growth. It states the fact the company goes through ups and downs and a high growth period will lead to face a decline in the growth rate and later the company will have a steady growth face. The initial phase is where the growth rate is not stable and a subsequent steady state where the growth rate is stable and is expected to remain same for a long time. This model allows greater flexibility in the testing of scenario for the investor looking at a firm in its infancy or in a new industry. This works on the assumption that the firm grows at a higher growth rate in the first period, the growth rate will drop at the end of the first period to the stable growth rate and the dividend payout ratio is consistent with the expected growth rate. The Formula: P=nt=1[D0(1+g1)t/(1+ke)t]+t=n+1[Den(1+g2)t-n/(1+ke)t] where: P = intrinsic value D0= expected initial period dividend Den= expected dividend during mature period ke = appropriate discount factor for the investment g1= expected dividend growth rate for initial growth period g2= expected dividend growth rate for mature period There are limitations with this model: Defining the length of the extraordinary growth period. It is difficult to convert qualitative considerations into specific time periods. The assumption that the growth rate is transformed overnight from a higher rate to a lower rate. The focus on dividends can lead to skewed estimates of value for firms that do not pay what they can afford in dividends. It under estimates the value of the firm that accumulates cash and pay little in dividends. Multi stage model: this is an advanced version of the Gordon growth model that determines the equity valuation by utilising an assortment of growth rates. This model incorporates the H-model, the two stage model and the three stage model. The model assumes growth rate which is different every year. It takes three different rates of growth- initial high rate of growth, transition to slower growth and a sustainable steady rate of growth. The present value of each stage is added to derive the intrinsic value of the stock. The main drawback of this model is the assumption that dividends will grow in perpetuity at a constant rate that can be determined at the time of the calculation. This assumption is unrealistic with companies that undergo different stages of growth. High growth: fast growth is early in companys development as it capitalizes on opportunities in new market segments or uses new approach to gain a share in the existing market. With the market expanding new clients may be easy to attract and revenues will grow. Transition: the companys initial growth slows down as the market grab period ends. The overall market might grow at a slower pace or may become more competitive reducing scope for dynamic revenue growth. Maturity: the revenue growth slows down as the market moves closer to the saturation point. It becomes more difficult to attract new clients and the firms have to compete hard on their prices and services to avoid switching to their competitors. Taking into account the different phases of the growth of the companies the multistage dividend model focuses on forecast cash flows for the high growth and transition stage. When the maturity stage is reached we use constant dividend growth projection. The limitations of this model: It remains vulnerable to minor inaccuracies in source data. It is more prone to errors in calculations which are due to poor cash flows which are estimated during high growth phase of a companys development. It is not reliable for companies that are in their early phase of growth as it is difficult for them to accurately forecast the duration of the high growth and the transition stage. FREE CASH FLOW APPROACH: this is the cash that a firm has after has managed to lay out the money required to maintain and expand its asset base. It is mandatory for a firm because it allows a company to pursue opportunity to enhance shareholder value. It is difficult for any company whether small or big to develop products, pay dividends and reduce its debts without cash. FCF is calculated as: This can also be done by taking operating cash flow and subtracting capital expenditures. A firms stock is valued by forecasting free cash flow to firm (FCFF) or free cash flow to equity (FCFE) and by discounting these cash flows back to the present at the required rate of return. These models are used when a firm pays no or little dividends and when free cash flow traces profitability. Free cash flow to firm (FCFF) is the cash available to all the firms investors including bondholders and stockholders, after the firm buys and sells products, provides services, pays the cash operating services and makes short and long term investments. Once the firm is free from meeting all its obligations to its other investors is called Free cash flow to equity (FCFE). Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) = Net Income (Capital Expenditures Depreciation) (Change in Non-cash Working Capital) + (New Debt Issued Debt Repayments) Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF) = FCFE and FCFF Two stage models are designed for firms which are expected to grow faster than a stable firm in the initial period and at a stable rate after that. FCFE and FCFE Three stage models are for firms that have three stages of growth an initial stage of high growth, a transitional period when the growth rate declines and the period when the growth rate is stable. RESIDUAL INCOME APPROACH: it is a performance measure that consists of some measure of operating income minus capital used by the unit being evaluated. This model is designed for companies that do not pay dividends. When there is a great uncertainty in estimating the terminal value than this method is appropriate. It is designed to influence managements investment in capital assets, to undertake investments for which the net present value is positive and to let go of those where the net present value is negative. The rate used in calculating the cost of capital is the riskless interest rate in the world of certainty. The Residual income = investment centres profit [investment centres invested capital ÃÆ'Æ’- imputed interest rate] Where, imputed interest rate = firms cost of acquiring investment capital It works on the assumption that: The market value of a company should equal the present value of the future expected dividends. The change in the book value between two dates equals earnings minus dividends in the period t. The book value of equity after infinity equals to zero. Asset Based Model: we will not use this model because our company kingfisher plc does not use natural resources. The Dividend Discount Model (DDM) ( ALL VALUE IN MILLION) All value taken by financial income statement of kingfisher plc Given: D= dividend per share= 3.4p R=discount rate= 10.2759% G= dividend growth rate=0 Po=Price per share =221.5p Do=dividend that year=80 Ke=cost of equity=7.9% g= dividend growth rate=0 The value of single period of DDM as follow as Single period : Vo=Do*(1+g) / (Ke-g) Vo= 80*(1+0) / (7.9%-0) Vo= 1012.658 So value of firm= 1012.658 i.e. DDM The Free Cash Flow to Firm Given: Net Income=385 Tax rate= 31.9% Net Borrowing= -1024 Non cash charges=260 Working capital Investment= -582 Interest rate = 72 Fixed Capital Investment = -87 Cost of Equity=7.9% Equity= 4955 Total Debt= 1530 Cost of Debt= 8.15% FCFF= net income+ non cash charges working capital investment + interest (1-t) fixed capital Investment FCFF= 385+260+582+72(1- 31.9%)+87 FCFF= 385+260+582+ 49.032+87 FCFF= 1363.032 We want value of firm fist find out WACC WACC=Ke*e / e+D+Kd * e / e+D *(1-t) WACC= 0.079*0.7640+0.0815*07640*0681 WACC=0.102759 WACC= 10.2759% Value of firm using FCFF Value of firm= FCFF/ WACC Value of firm=1363.032/0.102759 Value of firm=13264.356 The Free Cash Flow to Equity FCFE= FCFF-interest(1-t)+net borrowing FCFE=1363.032-72(1-31.9%)-1024 FCFE=290 So value of firm using FCFE Value of firm= FCFE/WACC Value of firm= 290/0.102759 Value of firm=2822.137 The Residual Income Model The Residual Income =net income (Ke*equity) The Residual Income =385-7.9%*4955 The Residual Income =385-391.445 The Residual Income=-6.445 So value of firm using The Residual Income model Value of firm =RI/Ke Value of firm= -6.445/0.079 Value of firm= 81.582 ÂÂ   CONCLUSION From the above learning outcome we came to know that the kingfisher PLC has come through various ups and downs in the retail sector. Its strategy of opening various branches and making reserves rather than paying the shareholders their shares has helped the company with all its financial and expansion functions. The employees of kingfisher especially the chairmen of the company have played a very important role in the companys success. It was deemed to be the first most profitable and most selling company. These are main features of the kingfisher PLC that made it the no. 1 company amongst the retail sector. There have been certain ups and down but strategies like opening discount shops or closing down the unused branches has helped the company in many ways.